Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%. Known for its excellent castability, high wear resistance, and superior compressive strength, cast iron is widely used in construction, machinery, automotive parts, and cookware. It is brittle but offers excellent heat retention and damping capacity, making it ideal for applications like engine blocks, pipes, cookware, and structural components. Different types of cast iron include gray cast iron, ductile iron, white cast iron, and malleable cast iron, each with unique properties suited for various industrial and domestic uses.